1971: Salyut 1, the first operational space station, is launched.

As they often were during the space race, the Soviets were out in front of NASA in concept and launch. But just as often, they were bedeviled by technical glitches and failures, and so it was with Salyut 1.

Beaten to the moon by the Americans, the Soviet space program turned its attention to the deployment of a working space station, which had been on the drawing boards since 1964. Salyut 1 was essentially a lash-up, its components assembled from spacecraft originally designed for other purposes.

The April launch went smoothly and Salyut 1 entered orbit, but it was all downhill after that. The crew of Soyuz 10, intended to be the first cosmonauts to take occupancy of Salyut 1, couldn’t enter the space station because of a docking mechanism problem.

The crew of Soyuz 11 spent three weeks aboard Salyut 1, only to be killed on the return trip to Earth when air escaped from their craft.

Finally, it was curtains for Salyut 1, which fired its rockets for the last time Oct. 11, 1971, to begin its planned re-entry into Earth’s atmosphere and disintegration over the Pacific Ocean.

Source: PBS.org, Wikipedia

Photo: Salyut 1/NASA

This article first appeared on Wired.com April 19, 2007.

See Also:

• July 25: Four Women Who Made a Difference
• Jan. 16, 1969: A Rendezvous, and a Rough Ride Home
• July 11, 1979: Look Out Below! Here Comes Skylab!
• Feb. 19, 1986: Mir, the Little Space Station That Could
• Complete Wired.com coverage of International Space Station
• Nov. 6, 1971: U.S. Tests Its Largest Hydrogen Bomb
• July 31, 1971: Astronauts Drive on the Moon
• Feb. 6, 1971: Astronaut Plays Golf on Moon
• Feb. 21, 1971: U.N. Cracks Down on Hallucinogens
• April 19, 1965: How Do You Like It? Moore, Moore, Moore